5/31/2023 0 Comments Petrify meaningThe article explores the complex theoretical and political relationship between the law and the State. Whale bones petrified by calcite, sand dollars petrified by iron pyrite crystals, dinosaur eggs and even ancient dung preserved as stone have been found around the world.All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALS Examples of siliceous fossils include deep-sea marine fossils made of opal, an amorphous silica, and terrestrial fossils, especially plant fossils, made of chert, jasper and other siliceous minerals. Trees, however, are not the only petrified life. Many of these fossils retain so much of the appearance of the trees that the original species and growth habits can be identified. The best known petrified fossils may be petrified forests. Iron-rich solutions require sulfur to form fossils, so iron-petrified fossils most commonly occur in marine environments, with some rarer examples found in clay. Carbonate solutions can develop in marine and non-marine environments, but they most commonly occur in marine environments because calcium carbonate forms more easily in marine environments. Silica-enriched water develops in areas with igneous rocks like granites, basalts and especially volcanic ash. The crystals from iron solutions tend to grow larger, showing the major structures of the organism but not the finer details.Įnvironmental conditions determine the type of mineral that petrifies fossils. Carbonate solutions also deposit as very fine-grained crystals that mimic the original cell structures of the organism. The microscopic quartz crystals replace the cell material bit by bit, often creating a duplicate in stone of the original organism, even in some cases down to detailed replication of the internal structure of cells. When silica solutions fill in the cell structure, extremely fine-grained cryptocrystalline quartz forms. The type of material deposited determines the level of detail in the resulting fossil. Most petrified fossils form from silicates, carbonates or iron. Shells, bones and plants, especially trees, are particularly suited to permineralization because the natural structures of the cells maintain their shape during burial and the replacement process. Eventually the deposited minerals replace all of the organic material. As the cells slowly decay, the solution fills in the gaps left behind. The dissolved minerals in the solution crystallize between the cells of the organism. As the water evaporates, the minerals remain. Over time, these mineral-rich solutions seep into and saturate the buried remains. Water containing dissolved minerals circulates through the sediments. Burial slows the decomposition rate enough to allow the replacement to happen. Petrifying begins with the quick burial of plant or animal material. Over time, minerals entirely replace the organic material, creating a petrified fossil. Solutions containing silicates, carbonates, iron or other minerals seep into the gaps and spaces between the cells, first encasing the cells and eventually replacing the cells themselves. Petrified fossils result from permineralization, the replacement of once-living matter by minerals.
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